Bucolic Countryside: WANLUAN in Pingtung County

Old houses in Wanluan’s Wugoushui Village

Ask locals about the best pig trotters on the island, and chances are that they will reply “Wanluan.” If you head to this rural township in southern Taiwan’s Pingtung County in search of succulent pig feet, note that the historical villages of Wugou (Wugoushui) and Wanjin are well worth exploring.

Text: Rick Charette; Photos: Maggie Song

Pingtung County is Taiwan’s southernmost county. Overall a quiet region – save for tourist-busy Kenting National Park and Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area – this is a tropical region with South Pacific-like charm, a place of graceful palm trees, clement sunny weather, and freedom from light pollution, making for star-filled nights.

Wugoushui – Can Time Really Stand Still?

There’s perhaps no better way to get to know Wanluan Township than with a guided walking tour of pocket-sized, somnambulant Wugou Village, better known as Wugoushui Community. This village, settled centuries ago during the Qing Dynasty, is bursting with heritage residences and many other structures of historical interest. Today it looks very much like it did at the turn of the 20^th century, when China was still ruled by an emperor (and Taiwan was a colony ruled by the Japanese).

Directly across the street from the workshop is one of the village’s architectural highlights, the Liu Family Ancestral Hall. Wugoushui is a Hakka settlement, with many heritage residences in different styles, notably 3- and 4-side courtyard-style residences and architectural elements distinguishing the homes of imperial scholars from regular folk. The Hakka, a Han Chinese minority group, faced severe discrimination through imperial times, with tenuous land rights, and for group security emphasized education and success in imperial exams, which brought government-official positions.

Liu Family Ancestral Hall

Something very special about the Wugoushui walking tour is that the old houses are still very much lived-in residences, and Mr. Lin brought us right in (after a polite “heads up”) as people went about their business much in the way their ancestors did a century ago. The Liu residence, occupying 2.5ha, is perhaps south Taiwan’s best-preserved Hakka complex. Clan members still occupy the wings off the central shrine hall. Proverbs invoking good character and dedicated studies adorn the walls. Showcasing the clan’s past power and social status are the beams, columns, door slabs, incense burner, and koji-pottery adornments, all imported from mainland China’s Canton area. The graceful swallow-tail roof indicates success in imperial exams and government promotion.

Residence entrance with lots of decorative elements

An elephant?

Running from left to right in front of the Liu residence is one of Wugoushui’s two waterways. The L-to-R motion is in accordance with fengshui principles, said Lin, drawing good qi and welcoming riches and success. Both waterways were harnessed early on for use as irrigation channels. Most people mistakenly think “Wugoushui” means “Five irrigation channels,” according to Lin, but in fact the “5/wu/五” indicates the march of settlers east across the Pingtung Plain – this was the “fifth settlement with irrigation channels set up,” and the last in the group. Just west is “Sigoushui,” the fourth,” and just west of that “Sangoushui,” the third.

Irrigation channel

Until the late 1600s, the Pingtung Plain was indigenous territory. The first Han Chinese settlements were established in 1684, and by 1734 most of the plain was being cultivated. As elsewhere in Taiwan, most Chinese came from south Fujian, across the Taiwan Strait, with some (almost all Hakka) from mountainous northeast Guangdong. And as elsewhere, on the frontline before native territory were mostly Hakka settlements, Wugoushui being one of them.

Interestingly, both of the village’s waterways bubble up right from the plain not far east of the village, toward the mountains. Wugoushui was long surrounded by a world of rice paddies, but today it is betelnut and bananas that rule the settlement’s economy. Though all the original irrigation infrastructure remains – dikes walls, barriers, valves – by no longer washing clothing and kitchen items at waterside, residents have allowed the natural ecology to return.

In different locations they still practice an old form of food production – Chinese watercress grows freely in the shallow waterways, and villagers will cut away whole areas, which promotes fast new growth, ensuring a steady supply for all. A staple on Taiwan tables, the cooked shoots taste like spinach.

On the village’s south edge is a wide irrigation pond, no longer in use with the demise of the rice paddies. However, it still plays an important fengshui role, as a conduit for good qi to flow freely and deeply into the village via the plaza behind – and blocking evil spirits, which cannot traverse the open water. It also draws cooling breezes in.

Irrigation pond

Close to the protective pond is a colorful Earth God shrine. Worship of the Earth God, as the deity’s title suggests, protects the land and promotes its fecundity. Lin reminded us that farming villages would often have such shrines in all directions, but a south-boundary one was obligatory, for the south is the “source of the sun.”

On the village’s east side is its old theater, not much bigger than a single-family home. Entertainment was enjoyed both inside and on the fronting plaza. Of especial interest is its location – just to the village’s east is Wanjin, the last Chinese settlement before the mountains. Established in the mid-1800s by Christian converts, who, according to Lin, the Wugoushui residents alternately considered “tenants, squatters, or bandits.” Clashes were common. Once things settled down, Wanjin folk would be invited to share in the east-side theater fun.

Walking past old houses in Wugoushui

Old residence

Wall art

Wanjin Church

Wanjin is close enough to the mountains that you instinctively crane your neck a bit to look at the peaks. As you approach from Wugoushui, you see the Wanjin Church filling up the visual space at the far end of the settlement’s main (eatery-lined) street.

Wanjin Church

Officially called the Wanjin Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, this is both Taiwan’s oldest church and its first basilica. The parish was established by the Dominicans in 1861, converts led here by a Philippine missionary priest. After a mud church was destroyed by an earthquake in 1865, work on the present structure was completed in 1870. Attractive 3D lighting brings many tourists to the site before Christmas each December.

Wanluan Painted Bridge

West of Wugoushui, this suspension bridge stretching 168 meters across the Donggang River – both Wugoushui and Wanjin are on tributary waterways upstream – was built as a facilitator bridge for the local walkway/bikeway system. The brightly painted architectural work, central mountains in full view one way and Kaohsiung skyscrapers seen far to the west, the latter appearing as though fantasy-land miniature models, has been made even more attractive with 3D paintings of a charging rhinoceros, shark attack, whirlpool, and other thrilling scenes festooning its deck – Taiwan’s only 3D-artwork suspension bridge.

Wanluan Painted Bridge

Wanluan Pig Trotters

Bantiao, a type of thick, broad noodle made from pure rice-flour milled into paste served with broth, scallions, marinated meat, and bean sprouts, is a must-order staple at Hakka restaurants in Taiwan. But the signature Hakka culinary staple in Wanluan is the Hakka-style pig trotter.

According to local lore late ROC President Chiang Ching-kuo, while on a local inspection tour, enthused about the Hakka Wanluan-recipe trotters, till then eaten as a bantiao side dish. A new Taiwan tourist must-have was born. As with many other foods given the “stamp of (an) authority,” it lead to today’s always-busy strip of trotter-specialty eateries on little Wanluan town’s Minhe Road.

Pig trotter

Lin Family Wanluan Pig Trotters is one of the town’s two big names. Its story began with a bantiao shop opened in 1949 by the grandmother of current owner Lin Jia-yi. Images of grandma are prominent on the walls, along with other black-and-white period photos in a supporting role. Wanluan trotters are braised in a savory mix of soy sauce, Chinese herbs, salt, sugar, and water. The secret is in the proportions – each seller harbors a deep family-recipe secret, and Lin thought it humorous when Travel in Taiwan politely “requested” revelation of hers.

Lin Family Wanluan Pig Trotters

Pig trotters and side dishes

Note that each trotter is big, 1.5~2kg, and is chopped into small chunks for Chinese group-style eating. Note also that it is served cold. Finally, note that the Lin restaurant is a good place for gift/souvenir buying as well, offering pork-jerky take-home packages (NT$100~130), strips paper-thin and crispy or thick, fibrous, and tender.

About the author

Rick Charette

[email protected]

A Canadian, Rick has been resident in Taiwan almost continually since 1988. His book, article, and other writings, on Asian and North American destinations and subjects—encompassing travel, culture, history, business/economics—have been published widely overseas and in Taiwan. He has worked with National Geographic, Michelin, APA Insight Guides, and other Western groups internationally, and with many local publishers and central/city/county government bodies in Taiwan. Rick also handles a wide range of editorial and translation (from Mandarin Chinese) projects. 

• A Visit to Cool KENTING National Park
• The Cities of TAINAN and KAOHSIUNG
• TAROKO GORGE: A Truly Scenic Wonder
• PENGHU Trip -- What a Wonderful Island!